小型二冲程航空发动机燃烧循环变动研究

利用峰值压力、最大压力上升率、燃烧百分率以及它们各自所对应的曲轴转角和相空间重构投影法评价小型二冲程航空发动机的燃烧循环变动.通过比较,认为燃烧百分率所对应的曲轴转角能更好地表征发动机的燃烧循环变动.针对发动机在中速和不同负荷条件下的燃烧循环变动分析,结果表明随负荷的加大,缸内燃烧的循环变动会变小,认为是负荷加大,气体...     

基于案例推理和等价空间的定性/定量混合故障诊断方法

针对难以获得航天器控制系统的精确模型,采用基于知识的定性故障诊断方法也难以奏效的问题,采取定性/定量混合故障诊断的思路,将基于案例推理和等价空间故障诊断方法有机结合,建立定性/定量混合故障诊断模型,推出一种定性/定量混合故障诊断方法。以航天器姿态控制系统为对象进行故障诊断。验证结果表明,推出的定性/定量混合故障诊断方法能够发挥二者的优势,比任何单独一种方法的诊断效果都好。     

Modelling of Solar Wind, CME Initiation and CME Propagation

Simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) evolving in the interplanetary (IP) space from the Sun up to 1 AU are performed in the framework of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) by the means of a finite-volume, explicit solver. The aim is to quantify the effect of the background solar wind and of the CME initiation parameters, such as the initial magnetic polarity, on the evolution and on the geo-effectiveness of CMEs. First, three different solar wind models are reconstructed using the same numerical grid and the same numerical scheme. Then, different CME initiation models are considered: Magnetic foot point shearing and magnetic flux emergence. For the fast CME evolution studies, a very simple CME model is considered: A high-density and high-pressure magnetized plasma blob is superposed on a background steady state solar wind model with an initial velocity and launch direction. The simulations show that the initial magnetic polarity substantially affects the IP evolution of the CMEs influencing the propagation velocity, the shape, the trajectory (and thus, the geo-effectiveness).     

RPC-LAP: The Rosetta Langmuir Probe Instrument

The Rosetta dual Langmuir probe instrument, LAP, utilizes the multiple powers of a pair of spherical Langmuir probes for measurements of basic plasma parameters with the aim of providing detailed knowledge of the outgassing, ionization, and subsequent plasma processes around the Rosetta target comet. The fundamental plasma properties to be studied are the plasma density, the electron temperature, and the plasma flow velocity. However, study of electric fields up to 8 kHz, plasma density fluctuations, spacecraft potential, integrated UV flux, and dust impacts is also possible. LAP is fully integrated in the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), the instruments of which together provide a comprehensive characterization of the cometary plasma. The LAP Team is listed in Table III.     

小波多分辨分量相关性图像融合方法

针对多光谱图像与高空间分辨率全色图像的融合,提出了一种基于小波多分辨分量相关性的图像融合方法.该方法在原始图像小波分解的基础上,对分解得到的高低频分量采用不同的融合规则进行融合,最后逆变换重构得到最终的融合图像.其中,对分解得到的低频分量采用局域相关系数加权融合计算,对高频分量设置一定的约束条件,使相关性较强的部分得到增强,而相关性较弱的部分继续保持.通过实验,与几种典型的图像融合方法就相关系数和光谱扭曲度等指标进行对比,验证该方法在光谱信息保持和空间分辨率提高方面的优势,并实验分析了不同相关系数门限值T的选取对最终融合效果的影响,以针对不同的应用场景做适当的选取.     

Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather

Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.     

ROBUST H∞ DESIGN OF THE ATTITUDE CONTROL/MOMENTUM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A SPACE STATION

Through input-output decomposition of structured parameter uncertainties of the controlled plant, the robust control problem of space station attitude system with parameter uncertainties is converted to a conventional disturbance rejection H∞ controller design problem, then a full-state feedback H∞ robust controller is formulated, which can be solved using the Glover-Doyle algorithm. The proposed method was applied to the attitude control/momentum management (ACMM) system of a space station, and two kinds of parameter uncertainties which appear most frequently in spacecraft engineering were considered. Simulation results showed efficiency of the given method.     

Near space as a sui generis zone: A tri-layer approach of delimitation

The lack of a legal boundary between air space and outer space has not given rise to significant difficulties in the determination of applicable law with respect to traditional flight craft – aircraft and space objects, due to their separated sphere of activities. But the advent of new flight craft that are capable of operating in the intermediate “near space”, i.e. Near Space Vehicles, would render a clarification of their applicable law and the legal status of the zone requisite. For the purpose of balancing the right of exploration and use of near space and the security interest of subjacent States, this short note proposes a tri-layer approach of delimitation by which near space is established as a sui generis zone reserved exclusively for peaceful purposes, while the space below the upper operative limit of aircraft and that above the lower operative limit of space craft are air space and outer space respectively.     

A methodology to support strategic decisions in future human space exploration: From scenario definition to building blocks assessment

The human exploration of multiple deep space destinations (e.g. Cis-Lunar, NEAs), in view of the final challenge of sending astronauts to Mars, represents a current and consistent study domain especially in terms of its possible scenarios and mission architectures assessments, as proved by the numerous on-going activities about this topic and moreover by the global exploration roadmap. After exploring and analysing different possible solutions to identify the most flexible path, a detailed characterisation of several Design Reference Missions (DRMs) represents a necessity in order to evaluate the feasibility and affordability of deep space exploration missions, specifically in terms of enabling technological capabilities.The study presented in this paper was aimed at defining an evolutionary scenario for deep space exploration in the next 30 years with the final goal of sending astronauts on the surface of Mars by the end of 2030 decade. Different destinations were considered as targets to build the human exploration scenario, with particular attention to Earth–Moon Lagrangian points, NEA and Moon. For all the destinations selected as part of the exploration scenario, the assessment and characterisation of the relative Design Reference Missions were performed. Specifically they were defined in terms of strategies, architectures and mission elements. All the analyses were based on a pure technical approach with the objective of evaluating the feasibility of a long term strategy for capabilities achievement and technological development to enable future space exploration.This paper describes the process that was followed within the study, focusing on the adopted methodology, and reports the major obtained results, in terms of scenario and mission analysis.     

基于CCSDS Proximity-1协议的动态变帧长策略研究

为提高邻近航天器之间的通信效率,研究了Proximity-1协议与传统链路层协议的最大区别——"通信互动"功能。对航天器之间通信过程中的动态变帧长策略进行了分析,给出了不同信道环境下的最佳帧长取值,并通过实时选择最佳帧长实现了动态变帧长策略方案。利用仿真手段验证了动态变帧长策略对通信效率的改善性能。仿真结果表明,吞吐量效率最多可提高80%,证明文章提出的动态变帧长策略能在很大程度上提高通信效率。